All Services
Paediatric Cardiac Surgery

Paediatric Cardiac Surgery

Specialized heart surgery for children from infancy through adolescence

Overview

Paediatric cardiac surgery is a highly specialized field dedicated to the surgical treatment of heart conditions in children — from newborns and infants to adolescents. Children with heart disease present unique challenges due to their small size, growing bodies, and the need for long-term solutions that last a lifetime.

Heart conditions in children can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developing after birth, such as from infections or Kawasaki disease). The spectrum of paediatric cardiac surgery ranges from simple repairs to complex reconstructive procedures.

Dr. Nisarga has extensive experience in paediatric cardiac surgery, having performed thousands of paediatric cases. He understands the unique physiological and emotional needs of children and their families.

Key Facts

6,000+

Paediatric & Adult Cases Performed

5–14 days

Typical Hospital Stay

95%+

Survival for Simple Defects

Lifelong

Cardiology Follow-Up Required

Conditions Treated

Paediatric Cardiac Surgery is used to treat the following conditions

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Hole between the upper chambers requiring closure

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Hole between the lower chambers requiring closure

Tetralogy of Fallot

Complex defect requiring complete repair

Transposition of Great Arteries

Swapped artery connections requiring arterial switch operation

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Abnormal pulmonary vein drainage

Truncus Arteriosus

Single vessel leaving the heart instead of two

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Underdeveloped left heart requiring staged palliation

Kawasaki Disease Complications

Coronary aneurysms from this childhood inflammatory condition

Symptoms

Patients with conditions requiring Paediatric Cardiac Surgery may experience one or more of the following symptoms. It is important to note that some conditions may be asymptomatic in their early stages.

Cyanosis — blue or purple tint to skin, lips, or nail beds
Rapid or difficult breathing (tachypnea)
Poor feeding and difficulty gaining weight
Excessive fatigue during feeding or play
Frequent respiratory infections
Heart murmurs
Cold hands and feet
Drowsiness or reduced activity level
Fainting or seizures in severe cases

Important: These symptoms can also be caused by other medical conditions. If you experience any of these symptoms, please consult a qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosis

A thorough diagnostic evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning

Prenatal diagnosis through fetal echocardiography (increasingly common)
Postnatal echocardiography — the primary diagnostic tool
Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Chest X-ray
Cardiac catheterization for complex defects
Cardiac CT and MRI for detailed anatomical assessment
Genetic testing for associated syndromes
Multidisciplinary evaluation by a paediatric cardiology team

Treatment Options

The choice of treatment depends on the specific condition, its severity, and individual patient factors

Medical Management

Medications to support heart function and manage symptoms

Catheter-Based Interventions

Device closure or balloon dilation for select defects

Corrective Cardiac Surgery

Complete surgical repair of the defect in one operation

Staged Palliative Surgery

Series of operations to manage complex single-ventricle defects

Hybrid Procedures

Combined surgical and catheter-based approaches

Surgical Approach

How the procedure is performed by Dr. Nisarga and his team

1

Paediatric cardiac surgery is performed under general anaesthesia with specialized paediatric anaesthesia support.

2

A median sternotomy is the most common approach, providing excellent access to the heart and great vessels.

3

Cardiopulmonary bypass with specialized paediatric oxygenators and circuits is used when the heart needs to be stopped.

4

For neonates and infants, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest may be employed for certain complex repairs.

5

The specific repair technique depends on the underlying defect — patch closure, valve repair, arterial switch, conduit placement, or complex reconstruction.

6

Intraoperative echocardiography is used to assess the quality of repair before chest closure.

7

The sternum may be left open temporarily in select cases to allow for cardiac swelling in the early post-operative period.

Benefits

Why patients and physicians choose Paediatric Cardiac Surgery

Definitive correction of heart defects, often in a single operation
Normalization of blood flow and oxygen levels in the body
Resolution of cyanosis and symptoms
Improved growth, development, and quality of life
Restored ability to participate in normal childhood activities
Long-term survival with good functional outcomes for most congenital defects
Prevention of permanent damage to the heart and lungs

Recovery & Rehabilitation

What to expect during the recovery period after Paediatric Cardiac Surgery

Paediatric cardiac intensive care unit stay ranges from days to weeks depending on complexity.
The cardiac ICU is staffed by specialized paediatric intensivists and cardiac nurses.
Pain management is carefully tailored for children, using age-appropriate medications and techniques.
Nutritional support is crucial — some children may require temporary feeding tube support.
Hospital stay ranges from 5–14 days for most repairs, longer for complex cases.
Follow-up care includes regular echocardiograms and paediatric cardiology evaluations.
Most children can return to school and normal activities within 4–8 weeks.
Lifelong cardiology follow-up is essential for all paediatric cardiac surgical patients.
Physical activity guidelines are provided, with most children able to participate in normal activities.

A Word from Dr. Nisarga

Minimally invasive and robotic techniques have limited application in young children due to their small size. However, for older children, adolescents, and adults with congenital heart disease, these approaches may be considered for select simple defects. The primary goals in paediatric cardiac surgery remain complete correction with the lowest possible risk, regardless of the approach used.

Schedule a Consultation

Take the first step towards advanced cardiac care. Dr. Nisarga and his team are here to help.

Chat with us on WhatsApp